Ikhodi ye-ASCII - Ithebula lezinhlamvu nezimpawu
El Ikhodi Ejwayelekile YaseMelika Yokushintshana Kolwazi noma i-ASCII, ngenxa yesifinyezo sayo ngesiNgisi, igama elinikezwe u-sisistimu yombhalo wezinhlamvu.
Ngale ndlela, ukwabelana ngolwazi kulula kakhulu, ngoba amafayela esiwabona kukhompyutha eyodwa abonakala ngendlela efanayo kwenye, futhi ngale ndlela, akukho ukulahlekelwa kolwazi.
Iyini ikhodi ye-ASCII?
Ikhodi ye-ASCII ikhodi ukuthi kuvela isidingo sokushintshisana ngolwazi ngaphandle kokuhlanekezelwa kwayo isuka kwenye ikhompyutha iye kwenye.
Masikhumbule ukuthi ekuqaleni kweminyaka ye-elekthronikhi, amakhompiyutha angabhalwa ngabanye, ngoba izindleko kanye nesidingo sakuvumela, kodwa njengoba i-computer boom ikhula, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo sabo saba nzima kakhulu.
Kwakudingeka uhlelo olwalunawo wonke amadivaysi ukuze amafayela afanayo akwazi ukufundwa ngokulinganayo kukhompyutha eyodwa nakwenye kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikude kangakanani.
Ngale ndlela, ukushintshana kolwazi kuphumelela kakhulu futhi kusebenza kahle.
Ikhodi ye-ASCII ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo eziningana, kuye ngomsebenzi ofuna ukuwusebenzisa nokuthi yini okufanele ihlelwe uchwepheshe ukuze isebenze kahle.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lolu hlobo lolimi nenqubo yokubhala amakhodi lusebenza kanjani kukhompyutha uma ufuna ukujula kancane kulesi sihloko, njengoba i-ASCII okuthile okuyisisekelo ekusebenzeni kahle kwamadivayisi.
Ekuqaleni, ngeminyaka yawo-60, le khodi ye-ASCII yasungulwa ngesisekelo samabhithi ayisikhombisa, okuvumela ukugcinwa kwezinhlamvu eziyi-128, okuhlanganisa:
- Izinhlamvu zokulawula ikhodi ye-ASCII kufaka phakathi zokuqala ezingama-31
- Izinhlamvu zekhodi ye-ASCII eziphrintekayo zibe okulandelayo kufika ku-128.
Ngale ndlela, akwenzekanga nje kuphela bhala futhi ubuke amafayela kukhompuyutha, kodwa bekunethuba lokuthumela imiyalo kuyo ngekhibhodi nokuthi isenzo esithile sizokwenziwa ngenxa yeKhodi ye-ASCII.
Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhudlwana, eminyakeni kamuva kwathuthukiswa amakhodi e-ASCII anwetshiwe, ahlanganisa ama-tildes (´) , umlauts (ü) nezinye izimpawu ohlelweni.
Izimpawu esizisebenzisa nsuku zonke zinikezwe kuleli thebula lapho ngokuvamile ziyingxenye yekhodi ye-ASCII, kanye nemisebenzi eyenziwa njalo ngeminithi.
Leli thebula lilula impela, kodwa awudingi ukwazi ngokujulile ukuthi ayini amakhodi anikezwe isenzo ngasinye ukuze abe. sebenzisa kahle ikhodi ye-ASCII.
Ukuyiqonda, kulula kakhulu, i Ikhodi ye-ASCII ingeyomhlaba wonke, cishe wonke amadivaysi anabo futhi ngenxa yalokhu, singakwazi ukuqonda ulwazi oludluliswayo.
Ngale ndlela, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhodi ayingxenye ye-ASCII kuhluke kakhulu, kunikezwe izinombolo ezahlukene futhi kusinikeza ithuba lokubona lokho esifuna ukuxhumana naye ngaphandle kokushintsha ulwazi., ngakho ifayela olidalayo kudivayisi eyodwa lizobukeka ngendlela efanayo uma ulivula kwenye.
Zisisiza kanjani ngokuxhumana? Nokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhuluma luphi ulimi, elithi "a" liyafana eLatin America naseYurophu njengoba linjalo e-ASIA nase-United States.
Ngokuqondile, isidingo sokubona into efanayo naleyo esiyidala kudivayisi eyodwa kwenye yikho okwenza amakhodi aphrinteke akwazi, ngoba ngaphambi kwawo, lokho obukubona kukhompyutha eyodwa kwakungafani nalokho obuzobona kwenye.
Ukudluliswa kwalolu lwazi kukhiye esiwucindezelayo lapho sithayipha incwadi ize ibonakale kukhompuyutha imelelwa enye yalawa makhodi aphrintekayo nanwetshiwe ekhodi ye-ASCII ngezinombolo ezinikezwe etafuleni ngaphambilini.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zekhodi ye-ASCII ezikhona?
Eqinisweni, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zekhodi ye-ASCII ehlanganisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwedivayisi, hhayi ukulawula kwayo kuphela kodwa nezimpawu nezimpawu, phakathi kwalawa makhodi esinawo:
Lawula i-ASCII – Ithebula labalingiswa nezimpawu
Yibo abasisiza ukuba sikhiphe imiyalo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokusebenzisa okhiye ngezinye izikhathi nokuthi, ngaphezu kwalokho, lula ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi ngokuvamile.
Ngokunjalo, futhi ngenxa yalawa makhodi okulawula singakwazi ukuxhumanisa okhiye nalokho esikubona esikrinini, okungukuthi, uma sisebenzisa ukhiye DELETE, ikhodi inikezwe yona esetshenziswa endabeni yama-millisecond ukuze enze isenzo.
Ukuze siqonde kangcono, ukhiye onelogo ye-Windows noma igama elithi "Menu" uma ucindezelwa, uvula ibha yokuqala lapho zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza zibonakala khona futhi uma sihamba ngemicibisholo sibheke kule esiyifunayo bese sinikeza u-"Enter" key, uhlelo lokusebenza luzosebenza futhi konke lokhu kungenxa yamakhodi okulawula esikhulume ngawo.
Ngamafuphi, amakhodi okulawula yilawo asivumela ukuthi senze imisebenzi kukhompyutha ngaphandle kokuyenza ngokuqondile, isibonelo, uma sifuna ukuthumela idokhumenti ukuze iphrinte ngomsebenzi we-Ctrl + Alt, futhi ibhokisi lokuphrinta livela ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Hhayi lokhu kuphela, kodwa asetshenziselwa eminye imiyalo eminingi, njengokhiye othi "Esc" ukuze uphume kumodi yesikrini esigcwele se-YouTube, isibonelo.
Noma futhi nokhiye othi “Susa” njalo uma ucindezela susa okukhethiwe noma usule okungakwesokudla sendima noma isibalo sezinombolo osisebenzisayo., ngokuphambene nokhiye wokususa osusa amadijithi kwesokunxele.
Akwenzeki kuphela ngezihluthulelo ezikhethekile ezenza izenzo ngaphakathi kohlelo lwekhompiyutha, kodwa ngezinhlamvu nezinombolo eziku-hardware njengekhibhodi kukhompyutha noma ukukhetha kokuthinta esikrinini ukuze ikhodi ye-ASCII ibe nokwenzeka, izinhlamvu ezinwetshiwe nezinto eziphrintekayo.
Lezi zinhlamvu ezinwetshiwe neziphrintekayo zihlanganisa izinhlamvu, izinombolo, kanye nezimpawu ezisetshenziswa umsebenzisi ovamile.
I-ASCII Iyaphrintwa – Ithebula labalingiswa nezimpawu
![Ikhodi ye-ASCII ka-“]” – Vala abakaki – Abakaki besokudla](https://codigos-ascii.com/wp-content/uploads/Codigo-ASCII-de-Cierra-corchetes-Corchete-derecho.png)
Sikhuluma-ke ngezinhlamvu eziphrintekayo zale khodi, njengoba lezo esikwazi ukuzibona futhi ziyingxenye yamafayela, Yizo esingazibona ngeso lengqondo ngendlela efanele.
Lawa makhodi aphrintekayo anikezwa, nophawu ngalunye nohlamvu futhi ahambisana nohlamvu lwezinombolo oluyilo zicutshungulwa ngaphakathi yikhompuyutha lapho zicutshungulwa khona.
Kukhona, ngokuphambene nedlule, amakhodi aphrintekayo angalawo esingawafunda kukhompyutha, okungukuthi, izinhlamvu nezinombolo ezivezwa ngendlela yendawo yonke, ezishintsha kuphela ulimi uma kunesidingo.
Lezi zinhlamvu zimelelwa uhlamvu lwezinombolo olumelelwa ikhodi ye-ASCII, okungukuthi, uhlamvu lumelela inombolo ngolimi lokuhlela izinhlelo zekhompyutha.
Kodwa-ke, lezi zinombolo azizona izinto ezivezwa esikrinini, ngakho-ke uhlamvu oluncane noma olofeleba luhambisana nenombolo ehlukile ukuze namuhla ukwazi ukufunda lesi sihloko.
Ngenxa yalokhu osekushiwo ngaphambili, kanye ukwazi isidingo sokuzibandakanya olimini oluhle nesipelingi esihle Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiluphi ulimi olwalukhethwa noma olukhulunywayo, kwakudingeka kuhlanganiswe izinhlamvu nezinombolo ngendlela yendawo yonke ukuze ukwaziswa kungahlanekezelwa.
I-ASCII enwetshiwe – Ithebula labalingiswa nezimpawu
Ahloselwe ukuhlinzeka ngemisebenzi "ethuthukisiwe" kakhulu yawo wonke lawa makhodi.
Ikhodi ye-ASCII inezinhlamvu ezinwetshiwe eziphendula isidingo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhudlwana.
Lawa makhodi anwetshiwe nawo ahlelwa kuthebula futhi amelelwa njengamabili adlule ngokusebenzisa ikhodi yezinombolo.
Kusukela ekubekeni i-aphostrophe, i-umlaut, i-tilde, izimpawu zokuloba, izibabazo, phakathi kwezinye izimpawu nezimpawu, kungenzeka ngenxa yezinhlamvu ezinwetshiwe eziyingxenye yale khodi ye-ASCII.
Iyingxenye yezimpawu nezimpawu ezibalulekile nezibalulekile zezibalo zesayensi njengophawu lokwengeza “+” noma uphawu lokuhlukanisa “-“.
Yenzelwe ini?
Ukwenza kube lula futhi kube manzi, ikhodi ye-ASCII isetshenziselwa ukumela ngokwezinombolo uhlamvu ngalunye olusetshenziselwa ukubhala, ukwenza isenzo noma ukunikeza uhlamvu olukhethekile.
Okusho ukuthi, ikhodi ye-ASCII iwukuhumusha kwezinombolo noma ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okusetshenziswa umsebenzisi ukuze akwazi ukuphatha isistimu ngesikhathi esivumelana naye, njengoba lezi zinhlelo zamakhompiyutha ziphatha kuphela amakhodi kanambambili njengolimi lokusebenza olumelela ukusebenza kwawo okunengqondo.
Ngale ndlela, uhlamvu ngalunye, uhlamvu, uphawu, indawo, uphawu ngisho nendawo ngayinye engenalutho inesabelo sezinombolo esihambisana nekhodi ye-ASCII futhi lezi zimelelwa kalula etafuleni.
Kusukela yasungulwa ngo-1967, lapho yafezwa khona kancane kancane kwaze kwaba yilapho ifinyelela ukubuyekezwa kwayo kokugcina ngo-1986, amakhodi e-ASCII anokusebenza okuphelele komhlaba wonke kumshini ngamunye oshiwoyo.
Njengoba iqhubeka, kwadalwa okuhlukile kwalawa makhodi, njengamakhodi anwetshiwe.
Ukuze kuzuzwe ukuxhumana okuhle kwesistimu ngamakhodi aphrintekayo, andwe futhi alawule, kwakudingeka ukuthi kufakwe ikhodi umshini ngamunye okhona ngawodwana, njengoba amadivaysi abuyekeziwe ayesekhishiwe.
Sixoxile ngokuthi amakhodi we-ASCII asetshenziswa kaningi enamathiselwe emigqeni yombhalo, kodwa noma kunjalo ahlobene ngaphakathi ngaphakathi izibalo zesayensi ngoba eziningi zezimpawu nezimpawu ezikhona kukhona ingxenye yamakhodi andwe.
Njengoba nje ukuphrinta kwenziwa kube lula ngohlamvu lokulawula olunikezwe u-Ctrl + P, oluvula ngokuzenzakalelayo iwindi lokukhetha imininingwane nezakhiwo zokuphrinta ishidi, ikhodi ye-ASCII yenza imisebenzi eminingi yenzeke.
Phakathi kwazo, imisebenzi yezinhlamvu eziphrintekayo nezandisiwe igqamile, ngoba yizo lezi Zisivumela ukuthi sibe nolimi olumanzi nokuxhumana njengoba kuyizo ezenza kube nokwenzeka ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlamvu, izimpawu nezimpawu.
Isetshenziswa kanjani ikhodi ye-ASCII?
Uhlelo luwulimi lwekhompyutha oluyinkimbinkimbi.
Uzofunda ukusebenzisa ikhodi ye-ASCII ngokuya ngesistimu yokusebenza onayo, noma kunjalo, usuvele uyenza ngaphandle kokuqaphela.
Ngakho-ke, imiyalo esiyisebenzisa ngekhompuyutha yakho iyimiyalo yekhodi ye-ASCII ehlelwe ngaphambilini ngochwepheshe ukuze ukwazi ukuxhumana noketshezi oluningi nokusebenza kahle futhi ungayithola yonke i-odwe etafuleni.
Kunezindlela zokusebenzisa lawa makhodi we-ASCII futhi enziwa ngokufaka amakhodi amanye amagama ngesandla, ngekhibhodi noma ngohlelo. Ngokwesibonelo:
Emafasiteleni
Kungenzeka ukuthi ungafaka imiyalo engekho kukhibhodi ngokusebenzisa imephu yezinhlamvu, akudingekile ukuthi wazi okuqukethwe kwethebula, ngenxa yalokhu uchofoza inkinobho yokuqala.
Uma kuvela iwindi, uzobhala lapho “i-charmap” endaweni yokusesha futhi uzochofoza umphumela ohlongozwayo bese kuzovela imephu yezinhlamvu eziphrintekayo nezinwebekayo ongakaze uzibone ngaphambili.
Kuya ngokuphelele ngomsebenzi ozowenza, ngoba uma ufuna ukwenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi owengeziwe kufanele uhlole ikhodi yomsebenzi ozowusebenzisa etafuleni.
Kodwa lokhu kuzoncika ohlelweni lokusebenza ngalunye esikhuluma ngalo.
Kwi-Linux
Inqubo ngokuvamile ihluke kancane ngoba amakhodi okulawula ayashintsha futhi kufanele yazi ikhodi ye-hex okudingayo, ngoba ngokujwayelekile ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbili zangaphambilini zisebenzisa amadesimali.
Ukuze uvule iwindi ukuze ubhale eyodwa yamakhodi okulawula, kufanele ucindezele u-Ctrl + Shift + U okhiye ukuze ngemva kokuvula ibha yokusesha ufake ikhodi ye-hexadecimal esetafuleni.
Uyazi ukuthi ikhodi ozoyisebenzisa izoba yini ngethebula lapho ikhodi ngayinye oyidingayo ibhalwe khona.
Akudingekile ukuba ubambe ngekhanda ikhodi ngayinye, ngokuzijwayeza uzofunda okuyisisekelo futhi awudingi ngisho nokubona amakhodi.
KuMac
Uma ukudivayisi enesistimu yokusebenza ye-iOS efana naleyo esetshenziswa yi-Mac, sizosebenzisa izinqamuleli zekhibhodi.
Kukhona okuningana futhi kuzohluka kuye ngokuthi ufunani, isibonelo:
- Ukuze uphume ngokuphelele kunoma yiluphi uhlelo ku-Mac uzodinga umyalo Wokuphuma, kungaba ngesinqamuleli noma ngemenyu kuhlelo lokusebenza ngoba ngesiphambano esibomvu (x) asiphumi ngokuphelele ezinhlelweni zokusebenza.
- Nokho, uma ucindezela u-CTRL + CMD + isikhala, ikhibhodi izovela.
- Uma ucindezela u-Shift uzobona zonke izinhlamvu ngosonhlamvukazi
- Uma ucindezela u-Alt uzokwazi ukufinyelela zonke izinhlamvu ezikhethekile, uma zingaveli chofoza uphawu olungenhla kwesokudla bese ukhetha bonisa isibukeli sekhibhodi.
Isidingo kukhompyutha yamanje
Izinhlamvu zekhodi ye-ASCII ezinwetshiwe ziyisisekelo ekusebenzeni kahle kwekhompuyutha, njengoba kukhona okuphrintekayo nezinhlamvu zokulawula.
Ngale ndlela, kwavunyelwana ngokuthi bonke abahleli bohlelo bazosebenzisa ulimi olufanayo lwekhompyutha ngoba Isidingo sokuthi wonke amakhompyutha nemishini ibe nolimi olufanayo saqala.
Cishe akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa ikhompuyutha ngaphandle kokwenza ingxenye yekhodi ye-ASCII, njengoba amakhompyutha amaningi ahambisana nayo, lokhu kwenza ukudluliswa kolwazi kwenziwa ngendlela ephumelelayo nelawulwayo.
Ukube le khodi ayizange idalwe kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-60, bekuyoba nzima kakhulu kuwe ukuthi usifunde, noma singabhala lesi sihloko, futhi bekungeke kube nesipelingi esihle nezimpawu zokubhala uma kungenjalo ukuthuthukisa amakhodi anwetshiwe.
Njengoba sibonga ngokunembile kulokhu, kusivumela ukuthi sihlanganise inhlanganisela yezinhlamvu nezimpawu ezinikezwe ikhodi ye-ASCII.
Cishe usuyazi ukuthi ulimi kanambambili yikho okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthi ikhompuyutha yenze izenzo futhi iphinde ihumushe imiyalelo esiyinikeza idivayisi, noma ngabe kuyini.
Ngokufanayo, ikhodi ye-ASCII isivumela ukuthi sixhumane nekhompyutha ngolimi lwethu lwendabuko, noma ngabe kuyini. ngaphandle kokuba nesidingo sokwazi ukuthi isebenza kanjani ngaphakathi.
Yebo, ngaso sonke isikhathi uma uthayipha uhlamvu noma ucindezela ukhiye "Susa", kukhona amakhodi acutshungulwa ngama-millisecond ukuze ugcwalise imiyalo.
Le miyalo ivamise ukuba umphumela wokwethulwa kwama-oda anoma yiluphi uhlobo noma umbhalo kumakhompyutha, futhi ngokujwayelekile, umsebenzisi uziba yonke inqubo ngemuva ukuze i-oda lakho lenziwe, njengoba isistimu ikwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Uma udinga ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nendlela esetshenziswa ngayo noma ukuthi ayini amakhodi e-ASCII, kunetafula elinesibopho sokucacisa ikhodi ngayinye njengoba isetshenziswa, amakhodi wedesimali noma ama-hexadecimal.
Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwamakhodi kuzonikezwa isistimu yokusebenza oyisebenzisayo, kungaba yiWindows, Mac noma i-Linux. Ungakubona kuthebula elingenhla.
Noma kunjalo ivuselelwe njalo kusukela ngeminyaka yama-60s, ikhodi ye-ASCII ayizange ibonakale ngokuphelele.
Abantu abaningi bayaqhubeka nokuyisebenzisa ngoba yikhodi ye-quintessential okufanele isetshenziswe emele i- ukukhishwa kwemfihlo kwawo wonke amasistimu ekhompyutha, ukuze sikwazi ukwabelana ngolwazi ngokuphumelelayo nangempumelelo futhi futhi, zihlelwe endaweni yonke etafuleni.
Sengiphetha, ulimi lwekhompiyutha olwasungulwa futhi lwapheleliswa izinkulungwane zabahleli bezinhlelo lwenza kube lula namuhla ukubhala nokubona ulwazi ngokucacile. kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuyiphi ikhompyutha.
I-American Standard Code for Information Interchange, noma i-ASCII ngokwesifinyezo sayo ngesiNgisi, iyiqoqo lezinhlamvu nezimpawu etafuleni elikhona kuwo wonke amadivaysi ukuze ulwazi lucace futhi zingahlanekezelwa kumadivayisi ahlukene.
Lawa makhodi ozowabona kuthebula namuhla ayingxenye yakho konke esikwaziyo namuhla ku-inthanethi futhi ngenxa yalo mzamo owenziwa abahleli bezinhlelo esingakwazi ukuxhumana nabo.